THE ATLAS

YOUR CALL. HIS KINGDOM.

Church Expressions Comparison

There is no one size fits all approach to Church Planting! Compare different expressions of church below:

Traditional

Multisite

Entrepreneurial

Digital

Microchurch

Network Church

Affinity

Financial Model

Tithes/Offerings

Tithes/Offerings

Business Funded
Tithes/Offerings

Low Overhead
Tithes/Offerings

Low Overhead
Tithes/Offerings

Tithes/Offerings

Tithes/Offerings

Facility Needs

Building

Multiple buildings

Existing business

No Building

Anywhere

Building/Homes

Anywhere

Primary Teacher(s) / Preacher(s)

Pastor/Teaching Team

Lead/Campus Pastor
Digital or Live

Pastor/Teaching Team

Pastor/Teaching Team

Microchurch Leader

Pastor / Teaching Team
Micro / Digital Leader

Pastor/Teaching Team

Students / Kids Discipleship

Student/Kids Ministries
Staff/Volunteer Led

Student/Kids Ministries
Staff/Volunteer Led

Varies Kids & Students attending alongside parents and/or people equipped to lead

Parent Led / Church Resources

Varies Kids & Students attending alongside parents and/or people equipped to lead

Varies Kids & Students attending alongside parents and/or people equipped to lead

Student/Kids Ministries is Staff/Volunteer Led

Varies Kids & Students attending alongside parents and/or people equipped to lead Student/Kids Ministries is Staff/Volunteer Led

Gathering Style

Traditional Sunday service(s)
in one building

Traditional Sunday service(s)
in more than one location

Service(s) meeting times vary based on church/business model

Service(s) meeting times vary based on online platform

Interactive smaller gatherings, times vary

Varies Interactive smaller gatherings, times vary. Traditional Sunday service(s)/Digital service(s)

Unique to serve a specific group

How Disciples are Made

Service(s), Small Groups, Classes

Service(s), Small Groups, Classes

Service(s), Small Groups, Studies

Online: Service(s), Small Groups, Studies

Interactive smaller gatherings

Service(s), Small Groups, Classes, Studies

Unique to serve a specific group

Staffing Model Leadership development varies between hiring outside the church and raising up within

Small to large staff with volunteers

Large staff with volunteers

Business staff with ministry staff and volunteers

Varies Full-time, part-time, bi-vocational, and volunteers

Varies Full-time, part-time, bi-vocational, and volunteers

Varies A blend of small to large staff along with unpaid leaders or co-vocational leaders

Varies A blend of small to large staff along with unpaid leaders or co-vocational leaders

Multiplication Strategy

Potential: Multisite / Autonomous Church

Multiple sites of one church, potential Autonomous Church

Scales based on business expansion

Multiplies as disciples are equipped

Multiplies as disciples are equipped

Varies Potential: Multisite/Autonomous Church

Multiplies as disciples are equipped

Varies Potential: Multisite/Autonomous Church

Multiplies as disciples are equipped

Community Engagement

Invitation to Attend
Community Outreach

Invitation to Attend
Community Outreach

Engages community through business

Daily engagement with the digital community

Members live on mission daily

Varies Invitation to Attend Community Outreach Members live on mission daily

Varies Invitation to Attend Community Outreach Members live on mission daily

Launch Funding Needs The average cost to start a new church in the USA varies dramatically:
  • Minimalist church plant: $1,000–$100,000+ (no building).
  • Mid-sized church with new building: $1.5–$3 million.
  • Large church with new building: $4 million+ for construction, plus land and site costs.
Most churches start small and grow into larger facilities as their congregation and resources expand. The largest expenses are typically land, construction, and ongoing operations, which can far exceed initial startup costs.

Costly

Costly

Funding to launch/run the business and nonprofit

$0, but budget grows as demand of teams time grows May cost a few thousand for legal fees if needed

$0 May cost a few thousand for legal fees if needed

Flexible. Can be $0 to $$$$$ May cost a few thousand for legal fees if needed

Flexible. Can be $0 to $$$$$ May cost a few thousand for legal fees if needed

Church Model Comparison

Traditional

Multisite

Entrepreneurial

Digital

Microchurch

Network Church

Affinity

Financial Model

Tithes/Offerings

Financial Model

Tithes/Offerings

Financial Model

Business Funded
Tithes/Offerings

Financial Model

Low Overhead
Tithes/Offerings

Financial Model

Low Overhead
Tithes/Offerings

Financial Model

Tithes/Offerings

Financial Model

Tithes/Offerings

Facility Needs

Building

Facility Needs

Multiple buildings

Facility Needs

Existing business

Facility Needs

No Building

Facility Needs

Anywhere

Facility Needs

Building/Homes

Facility Needs

Anywhere

Primary Teacher(s) / Preacher(s)

Pastor/Teaching Team

Primary Teacher(s) / Preacher(s)

Lead/Campus Pastor
Digital or Live

Primary Teacher(s) / Preacher(s)

Pastor/Teaching Team

Primary Teacher(s) / Preacher(s)

Pastor/Teaching Team

Primary Teacher(s) / Preacher(s)

Microchurch Leader

Primary Teacher(s) / Preacher(s)

Pastor / Teaching Team
Micro / Digital Leader

Primary Teacher(s) / Preacher(s)

Pastor/Teaching Team

Students / Kids Discipleship

Student/Kids Ministries
Staff/Volunteer Led

Students / Kids Discipleship

Student/Kids Ministries
Staff/Volunteer Led

Students / Kids Discipleship

Varies Kids & Students attending alongside parents and/or people equipped to lead

Students / Kids Discipleship

Parent Led / Church Resources

Students / Kids Discipleship

Varies Kids & Students attending alongside parents and/or people equipped to lead

Students / Kids Discipleship

Varies Kids & Students attending alongside parents and/or people equipped to lead Student/Kids Ministries is Staff/Volunteer Led

Students / Kids Discipleship

Varies Kids & Students attending alongside parents and/or people equipped to lead Student/Kids Ministries is Staff/Volunteer Led

Gathering Style

Traditional Sunday service(s)
in one building

Gathering Style

Traditional Sunday service(s)
in more than one location

Gathering Style

Service(s) meeting times vary based on church/business model.

Gathering Style

Service(s) meeting times vary based on online platform

Gathering Style

Interactive smaller gatherings, times vary.

Gathering Style

Varies Interactive smaller gatherings, times vary. Traditional Sunday service(s)/Digital service(s)

Gathering Style

Unique to serve a specific group

How Disciples are Made

Service(s), Small Groups, Classes

How Disciples are Made

Service(s), Small Groups, Classes

How Disciples are Made

Service(s), Small Groups, Studies

How Disciples are Made

Online: Service(s), Small Groups, Studies

How Disciples are Made

Interactive smaller gatherings

How Disciples are Made

Service(s), Small Groups, Classes, Studies

How Disciples are Made

Unique to serve a specific group

Staffing Model Leadership development varies between hiring outside the church and raising up within.

Small to large staff with volunteers

Staffing Model Leadership development varies between hiring outside the church and raising up within.

Large staff with volunteers

Staffing Model Leadership development varies between hiring outside the church and raising up within.

Business staff with ministry staff and volunteers

Staffing Model Leadership development varies between hiring outside the church and raising up within.

Varies Full-time, part-time, bi-vocational, and volunteers

Staffing Model Leadership development varies between hiring outside the church and raising up within.

Varies Full-time, part-time, bi-vocational, and volunteers

Staffing Model Leadership development varies between hiring outside the church and raising up within.

Varies A blend of small to large staff along with unpaid leaders or co-vocational leaders.

Staffing Model Leadership development varies between hiring outside the church and raising up within.

Varies A blend of small to large staff along with unpaid leaders or co-vocational leaders.

Multiplication Strategy

Potential: Multisite / Autonomous Church

Multiplication Strategy

Multiple sites of one church, potential Autonomous church

Multiplication Strategy

Scales based on business expansion

Multiplication Strategy

Multiplies as disciples are equipped

Multiplication Strategy

Multiplies as disciples are equipped

Multiplication Strategy

Varies Potential: Multisite/Autonomous Church Multiplies as disciples are equipped

Multiplication Strategy

Varies Potential: Multisite/Autonomous Church Multiplies as disciples are equipped

Community Engagement

Invitation to Attend
Community Outreach

Community Engagement

Invitation to Attend
Community Outreach

Community Engagement

Engages community through business

Community Engagement

Daily engagement with the digital community

Community Engagement

Members live on mission daily

Community Engagement

Varies Invitation to Attend Community Outreach Members live on mission daily

Community Engagement

Varies Invitation to Attend Community Outreach Members live on mission daily

Launch Funding Needs The average cost to start a new church in the USA varies dramatically:

Minimalist church plant: $1,000–$100,000+ (no building).

Mid-sized church with new building: $1.5–$3 million.

Large church with new building: $4 million+ for construction, plus land and site costs.

Most churches start small and grow into larger facilities as their congregation and resources expand. The largest expenses are typically land, construction, and ongoing operations, which can far exceed initial startup costs.

Costly

Launch Funding Needs The average cost to start a new church in the USA varies dramatically:

Minimalist church plant: $1,000–$100,000+ (no building).

Mid-sized church with new building: $1.5–$3 million.

Large church with new building: $4 million+ for construction, plus land and site costs.

Most churches start small and grow into larger facilities as their congregation and resources expand. The largest expenses are typically land, construction, and ongoing operations, which can far exceed initial startup costs.

Costly

Launch Funding Needs The average cost to start a new church in the USA varies dramatically:

Minimalist church plant: $1,000–$100,000+ (no building).

Mid-sized church with new building: $1.5–$3 million.

Large church with new building: $4 million+ for construction, plus land and site costs.

Most churches start small and grow into larger facilities as their congregation and resources expand. The largest expenses are typically land, construction, and ongoing operations, which can far exceed initial startup costs.

Funding to launch/run the business and nonprofit

Launch Funding Needs The average cost to start a new church in the USA varies dramatically:

Minimalist church plant: $1,000–$100,000+ (no building).

Mid-sized church with new building: $1.5–$3 million.

Large church with new building: $4 million+ for construction, plus land and site costs.

Most churches start small and grow into larger facilities as their congregation and resources expand. The largest expenses are typically land, construction, and ongoing operations, which can far exceed initial startup costs.

$0, but budget grows as demand of teams time grows May cost a few thousand for legal fees if needed

Launch Funding Needs The average cost to start a new church in the USA varies dramatically:

Minimalist church plant: $1,000–$100,000+ (no building).

Mid-sized church with new building: $1.5–$3 million.

Large church with new building: $4 million+ for construction, plus land and site costs.

Most churches start small and grow into larger facilities as their congregation and resources expand. The largest expenses are typically land, construction, and ongoing operations, which can far exceed initial startup costs.

$0 May cost a few thousand for legal fees if needed

Launch Funding Needs The average cost to start a new church in the USA varies dramatically:

Minimalist church plant: $1,000–$100,000+ (no building).

Mid-sized church with new building: $1.5–$3 million.

Large church with new building: $4 million+ for construction, plus land and site costs.

Most churches start small and grow into larger facilities as their congregation and resources expand. The largest expenses are typically land, construction, and ongoing operations, which can far exceed initial startup costs.

Flexible. Can be $0 to $$$$$ May cost a few thousand for legal fees if needed

Launch Funding Needs The average cost to start a new church in the USA varies dramatically:

Minimalist church plant: $1,000–$100,000+ (no building).

Mid-sized church with new building: $1.5–$3 million.

Large church with new building: $4 million+ for construction, plus land and site costs.

Most churches start small and grow into larger facilities as their congregation and resources expand. The largest expenses are typically land, construction, and ongoing operations, which can far exceed initial startup costs.

Flexible. Can be $0 to $$$$$ May cost a few thousand for legal fees if needed

Church Expression Details

Traditional

Gathering in One Location Together

The prevailing expression of the church in the United States today encompasses congregations of all sizes, unified by an emphasis on community engagement, contemporary worship, and practical connection to daily life. These churches are characterized by vibrant atmospheres where modern music, multimedia presentations, and a relaxed environment create an accessible and inviting space for people of all ages.

Worship services typically feature relatable and practical preaching, focusing on personal growth and the application of biblical principles to everyday situations. A wide range of programs-spanning worship, education, and outreach – foster a strong sense of belonging and provide opportunities for members to connect, learn, and serve together.

Many of these churches adopt a “seeker-sensitive” approach, intentionally designing their gatherings and activities to welcome newcomers and facilitate meaningful relationships. 

Through creative outreach efforts and a commitment to serving their communities, these churches continually seek to make a positive impact both within and beyond their walls.

  • Launch Large
  • Bi-Vocational to Full Vocational
  • Often what people expect of “church”
  • Many tools/resources available to help plant and grow
  • Easy for people to take a first step in exploring God
  • Easier to “attend” than be a follower of Jesus 
  • Covering the cost to “run” it all 
  • The pressure of “success” of the church can be primarily on the lead pastor

Multisite

One Church in More than One Location

To explore how multisite churches contribute to church planting, we must first understand the distinctions between multisite congregations and church-planted
congregations. Multisite congregations are essentially reproductions of an existing church, managed centrally and typically established within a 30-minute drive from the sending church. They are usually led by campus pastors who excel as team players in implementing the vision of the sending church. Conversely, church plants are reproductions of a church model, governed independently, and generally launched beyond a 30-minute radius from the sending church. Church planters act as vision-casters for their congregations and often seek to “do church” in a unique way that respects but differs from the multisite approach.

Despite these differences, the mission is consistent: establishing new churches where none existed before. The local community, however, is indifferent to whether a new congregation is autonomous or centrally-governed, or whose vision is being cast. What truly matters is whether the congregation serves the local community in Jesus’ name, reaches unchurched individuals with Gospel-centered preaching, and makes disciples who, in turn, make disciples of Jesus. Both approaches should aim for reproduction, creating new congregations that lead to multiplication, where congregations birth additional congregations.

Multisite churches can plant churches in various ways. Some might “slow-plant” a multisite congregation with the goal of it becoming autonomous over time, while others create a “family of churches” or networks through partnerships that share resources and DNA to start new congregations. Research indicates that 50% of multisite churches engage in both strategies—birthing multisite congregations and planting new churches concurrently. These churches often apprentice future church planters, offering financial support when they are ready to plant.

In the end, the debate over whether multisiting or church planting is better misses the point. Both are valuable strategies in the playbook for church reproduction and multiplication. As the Apostle Paul might be paraphrased: “What does it matter? All that matters is that Christ is being preached, whether through multisiting or church planting. That’s what makes me glad, and I will continue to be glad”. (Philippians 1:18, CEV).

  • Centralized 
  • Decentralized 
  • People Group Specific 
  • Campus Launch to Autonomous Church
  • Online Campus
  • Shape the campus based on the people in the area 
  • Reaching into other communities faster and easier (ie people/resources) 
  • Foundation already established with people in the community already a part of the church (bring the church TO THEM and their neighbors rather than drive far)
  • Raising up staff/leaders to lead at other campuses 
  • Quality and DNA control / representation 
  • The more campuses you have the harder it is to execute, which can restrict growth and opportunity

Entrepreneurial​

When Faith and Business Come Together with Purpose

Imagine someone driven by an innate desire to start, to initiate. They see themselves as an entrepreneur, not in a business sense primarily, but in the sense of launching something new—a community of faith that’s deeply embedded in its neighborhood.

This person believes everyone around them, every single individual, has the potential to be a disciple-maker. They see the coffee shop, the office, the playground—the everyday marketplace—as their mission field. They believe that genuine connections, the informal chats and shared meals, are often more powerful for spiritual growth than formal programs. For them, it’s always people first. It’s about building relationships, getting to know their neighbors, and finding ways to weave the Gospel into those interactions.

This person envisions a church that’s deeply rooted in its local community but has a global perspective. They’re thinking about how their efforts will impact not just today, but future generations. They’re the ones organizing community meals in the park, running job coaching workshops, and facilitating small groups where people can wrestle with life’s big questions. They’re coaching the local youth sports team, hosting block parties, and mentoring young adults, all while subtly and intentionally sharing their faith.

Their approach is hands-on, relational, and deeply invested in the well-being of their community. They’re not just starting a church; they’re igniting a movement of disciple-makers who are transforming their
neighborhoods from the inside out.

Neighborhood focused church that has a global theology for generational disciples. 

  • Business for Mission 
  • Co-Vocational 
  • Kingdom Ecosystems 
  • Community development through community meals in various areas i.e schools, parks, and cultural centers
  • Community development through youth engagement i.e, sports coaching, block parties and mentoring 
  • Economic development in empowerment trainings, job coaching and housing education (OR) Economic development through workforce development 
  • Redemptive solutions through missional communities, small groups
  • Built in funding mechanism that’s not reliant on donations
  • The first ask isn’t “come to us” it is “let us serve you” 
  • Relationship and community is built in at the core rather than a church trying to build community
  • Still have to pay the bills
  • It takes time and energy to run a business
  • The tension of keeping the Gospel as the primary focus when the business gets demanding

Digital

A Digital Expression of Faith

Digital Churches are founded on the belief that the full ecclesiology of the Church can be embodied within fully digital spaces. As more individuals adopt digital and hybrid lifestyles, turning to online platforms to address their needs, find community, and seek truth, it becomes imperative for the Church to exist and thrive in these digital arenas.

Churches created in gaming communities, Discord servers, virtual reality platforms, and WhatsApp groups conduct live services, small groups, community gatherings, and discipleship. They aim to reach gamers, digital natives, and those on the fringes of society, offering them a place to belong and grow in faith. They have a natural bent toward prioritizing relationships over platform and discipleship over entertainment.

Their churches are devoted to the core practices of the early Church: the apostles’ teaching, prayer, sacraments, worship, community, and generosity.

Through innovative use of digital tools and online spaces, they find new ways to live out these devotions. While traditional churches impact both the physical and digital aspects of a person’s life, these digital churches seek to transform individuals’ physical realities through their engagement with robust and discipleship-focused online communities.

By leveraging new technologies, they connect with people worldwide who share common interests and passions. They introduce—or reintroduce—individuals to Jesus, reaching those who might never step into a physical church building. Through digital spaces and communities, they disciple, support, and embody the Church together—all from their phones and computers, right from their homes.

Digital expressions of the church are for those with a passion for relationships, the outcast, people with deep and difficult questions, and longing for discipleship over building a platform.

  • Church in the Metaverse 
  • Church in the Gaming Community 
  • Online Church
  • No location boundaries in how many people you can reach with the Gospel 
  • People who won’t or can’t physically show up in a church building can engage in church from their home 
  • High vulnerability of attendees who tend to be more open in conversation about the Gospel
  • Easy to hide behind a fake persona 
  • Lack of physical presence and what that does to the human soul 
  • The ability to reach all ages is limited to participation online

Microchurch

A Decentralized Approach Rooted in Disciple-Making

Microchurches are not miniaturized versions of traditional churches—they are a fundamentally different expression of the church. A microchurch is an extended spiritual family, led by ordinary people, living in an everyday Gospel community and owning the mission of Jesus in a specific network or neighborhood. This model of church planting begins not with buildings or budgets, but with disciples who make disciples. Ordinary people plant themselves among an unreached pocket of people in a particular place, live incarnationally, love well, plant the Gospel, and make disciples. Over time, as disciples are made and begin to multiply, a new spiritual family is formed. In other words, microchurches emerge from disciple-making. These leaders are often embedded in the very places and among the very people they’re already called to.

Church planting, in this approach, is not event-driven—it’s relational, reproducible, and low-cost. Rather than gathering people into a centralized expression and then starting a church, we begin with the people and the place—discovering where God is already at work and joining Him there. We prioritize disciple-making and multiplication over gathering and accumulation, presence over programs, and mission
over models. Over time, these microchurches are supported by decentralized hub teams that equip, coach, and convene. What emerges is a network of spiritual families, woven together into a citywide mission of Gospel saturation. The goal isn’t one big congregation in a building—it’s every street, every network, every people group with access to the beauty, justice, and good news of Jesus.

  • Affinity Focused
  • Geographically Focused
  • You can connect with smaller groups in society that traditional church setups might miss. 
  • Anyone can start a microchurch. 
  • It’s cheap or even free to start and run, so you can easily integrate it into your everyday life.
  • Finding the right resources and support can be tricky if you aren’t sure where to find them. 
  • Harder for families with kids to get fully involved. 
  • Managing growth and expansion can bring organizational headaches.
  • Accountability for those who lead

Network

A Church of Churches

A Network Church is a decentralized expression of church life that blends the relational depth of house churches with the collective strength of a unified church body. At its core, this expression is built on numerous house churches—a community of believers who gather in homes for worship, Bible study, prayer, and disciple-making. These intimate settings foster deep relationships, spiritual growth, and mission. While each house church operates independently, they are all united through shared doctrine, vision, and leadership.

A key rhythm of this expression is the regular large group gathering, typically on Sundays, where all house churches come together for corporate worship, unified teaching, and fellowship. These gatherings provide consistency in doctrine, a platform for mission coordination, and a space for sacraments and celebrations like communion or baptisms.

The expression offers the flexibility and personal care of a home-based setting while retaining the strength and direction of a larger church family. It cultivates a strong sense of belonging and purpose by equipping each house church to operate as a vital part of a larger movement.

This expression offers a scalable and sustainable path for multiplying disciples and establishing an endurable, healthy church community.

One church, different independent expressions

  • Multiple expressions potentially give space to reach and disciple more people 
  • More people leading and involved that in other expressions likely would just be “attenders” 
  • Potentially merges the best of all expressions being practiced
  • Leadership structure/accountability could be confusing 
  • Theology and DNA consistency with a unified vision 
  • The temptation of the approaches becoming competing instead of complimenting 

Affinity

Reaching People Where They Are

Affinity churches are intentionally designed to reach and disciple a specific group of people who share a common interest, background, or life experience. The primary goal is to make disciples by focusing outreach, worship, and community life around the unique needs and culture of that particular group.

Instead of trying to appeal to everyone, an affinity church tailors its ministries and approach to resonate deeply with its chosen community, whether that’s a certain profession, age group, ethnicity, or shared passion.

By building meaningful relationships and addressing the specific concerns and values of the affinity group, the church creates an environment where faith can grow authentically. As people are reached and discipled, the church naturally expands its influence within the group, ultimately leading to the formation of a new church that is rooted in the culture and context of the people it serves. In this way, an affinity church fulfills its mission by making disciples and establishing a vibrant, relevant church community among a targeted population.

  • Interest / Hobby Focused
  • Focused on a Group of People with Commonalities 
  • Age Focused 
  • LIfe Stage and/or Career Focused
  • Take the Gospel “to” the people rather than “come and see” 
  • Target group is clear 
  • Replication can be easier and more natural
  • Limits who can engage in the church or who might feel welcome 
  • Requires insight and personal connection of the leaders to the specific group 
  • Funding can be a challenge

Need help deciding?